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How are Interest Rates Determined for Mortgages?
You may be concerned about the rate you are going to pay on your mortgage, but you don't understand how the rate is fixed, and if there is anything you can do about it.
Understanding how interest rates are determined can help you in getting the best rate on your mortgage.
One of the most important factors, and one that keeps hitting the news all the time today, is your credit score. If you have heard discussions, or seen constant ads on the net about your "FICO" score, you may now what the discussion is about.
If you have been curious about what a FICO score is, it is a number that credit agencies assign to a person's credit standing. Banks all subscribe to the services of these credit rating agencies to find out the assumed risk of lending to a borrower and the criteria the agencies use are history of payments, exposure to debt, income, job history, etc.
An important consideration also is the size of the deposit on the house.
The more you put down, the better the mortgage rate, since the bank's risk exposure is lowered as the dollar value of the loan in reduced.
Consequently, the higher the deposit you are able to make, the better the rate will be deposit. The problems most home buyers have, however, is deciding between saving the deposit and continuing to pay rent. The longer you pay rent, the longer you can wait and put funds aside for the down payment, but couldn't rent money just as well be a mortgage payment?
The "term" of the mortgage is also an important component in how rates are determined. The longer a bank has to be committed to the risk of your mortgage, the more they want to be rewarded for taking that risk.
Short term rates are usually lower than long term rates for this reason. However, most people still prefer to negotiate a longer term loan if they can because of the fear that interest rates will rise and they will constantly have to renew their mortgage at a higher rate.
Which is what leads us to the next determinant for interest rates, one which you have no control over: economics. Since banks have to borrow on other markets in order to lend mortgage money, the cost of their money goes up and down. These market rates are set according to complex economic indicators.
But despite the fact that rates can decrease, most people prefer not to take a risk and would rather lock in a loan rate for a longer term, then to be constantly exposed to increased rates on short term loans.
A final factor is the size of your mortgage. Banks are limited as to the size of their loan portfolio, and if your mortgage is sizeable, they will be adding a lot of risk to their portfolio and will expect a higher return for that higher risk.
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